Efficient transport systems are integral to the economic and social development of urban areas, particularly in rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Nigeria. Road transport, which is the dominant mode of transport in Nigeria, accounts for over 90% of the movement of goods and passengers, playing a pivotal role in the nation's economic activities and connectivity. In particular, it supports access to vital services, including jobs, education, healthcare, and markets, and is a fundamental driver of the supply chain. Despite its critical importance, Nigeria's road infrastructure is struggling to keep pace with the rapid surge in vehicular traffic. The lack of adequate infrastructure, coupled with growing vehicle numbers, has resulted in significant traffic congestion, particularly on the motorway system. This study explores the impact of congestion on road transport efficiency in Nigeria and the wider implications for economic growth and social integration. It highlights the challenges faced by urban transport systems, including inadequate road capacity, traffic management issues, and the resulting delays that hinder economic productivity. The research aims to provide insights into the necessary steps for improving the road infrastructure and alleviating congestion, contributing to the enhancement of urban mobility, economic activities, and the overall quality of life