The ABO blood groups distribution was studied and Rhesus in (9900) individual of the Samawah, Rumaitha, Al-Warka, Al-Khader, Al-Salman judiciary in the Al-Muthanna governorate. Our research's findings indicated a high incidence of group O (3373) (38.07 % ) male and female. Blood group (AB) showed a low incidence (793) (8.01%) male and female. Blood group (A) show higher incidence (3118) (31.49%) male and female. Blood group (B) showed low incidence (2616) (26.42% ) male and female. Rh factors showed higher incidence in this study of (????????+????????) (9327) (94.2%) comparison with very low incidence of (????????−????????) 573 (5.79%). The distribution ratio was studied (????????+????????) ratio in (9327) individual males and females, samples showed high incidence in (????+????????) ratio as followed (3127) (33.53 %) While (????????+????????) showed low distribution ratio in all studied samples (766) (8.21 %). Samples showed high ratio in (????−????????) (246) (43.93 %), while showed low ratio in (????????−????????) (27) (4.71 %). This research was done to determine (Rh) and (ABO) distribution between the whole population of AL Muthanna Governorate.