Human Resource Management (HRM) has become a cornerstone for organizational success in Nigeria, particularly in the context of the 21st century. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of HRM in Nigeria, highlighting the prevailing challenges, emerging trends, and potential strategic solutions to address these issues. The study examines key HRM challenges such as talent shortages, workforce diversity, employee engagement, compliance with labor laws, and mental health concerns. It also identifies the impact of digital transformation, remote work, and the growing importance of employee experience in shaping Human Resources (HR) practices. Through an analysis of empirical studies, case examples, and strategic insights, this paper presents solutions to overcome HRM challenges, including the development of employee skills, leveraging HR technology, and promoting mental health and inclusivity in the workplace. In a rapidly evolving global and local business environment, understanding these trends and challenges is essential for Nigerian organizations to remain competitive. The paper concludes by highlighting the role of HRM in fostering productivity and employee satisfaction, essential for Nigeria's socio-economic development.