This paper gives a thorough examination of the literature of self-priming centrifugal chemical pumps, focusing on their design, operational principles, and applications in various industries. They render surpassing advantages, including improved efficiency in handling liquids containing air or gas, and reduced maintenance requirements. The paper analyzes the fundamental mechanisms that enable self-priming capabilities, including positive displacement elements and impeller design. An analysis of different self-priming centrifugal pump innovations is presented, emphasizing developments in materials and engineering that improve performance and reliability. Examines and also illustrate the practical applications of these pumps in food and beverage processing, chemical processing, wastewater management, and other sectors. Furthermore, the review reveals current challenges and future directions for research, such as development of more energy-efficient designs and innovations in smart pump technologies. This paper serves as a helpful resource for researchers, practitioners and engineers seeking to optimize the use of self-priming centrifugal pumps in the industry for aquous chemicals and other hazardous liquid applications.